Endometriosis and Infertility

Endometriosis is a condition found in women of reproductive age and may be associated with infertility in some cases, since it can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or embryo implantation. However, the severity of this condition and its impact on fertility vary by individual, and it should be diagnosed and managed by a doctor.

Key Takeaways

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, common in women of reproductive age.
It may be associated with infertility in some cases, but this does not mean everyone with it will have fertility problems.
Common symptoms include severe menstrual pain and chronic pelvic pain, though some people have no clear symptoms.
Diagnosis and care should be done by a specialist, since severity and impact vary by individual.

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus — such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. It is common in women of reproductive age.

This condition can affect fertility in several ways, such as causing adhesions that affect the fallopian tubes, affecting egg quality or the ovaries in some cases, or affecting embryo implantation. However, not everyone with endometriosis experiences infertility — the severity and location of the condition affect the degree of impact differently.

Diagnosis usually relies on a symptom history, physical exam, and ultrasound, and in some cases may require laparoscopy to confirm. The care approach depends on symptom severity and the patient's goals, such as pain relief or fertility planning.

Who Should Be Evaluated

Anyone with severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, or being evaluated for infertility with suspected endometriosis should consult a doctor for evaluation.

General Evaluation or Care Steps

Evaluation generally starts with a symptom history, physical exam, and transvaginal ultrasound. In some cases, the doctor may consider laparoscopy to confirm diagnosis and assess severity.

Limitations

Ultrasound may not detect this condition in every case, especially in early stages or hard-to-detect locations — a definitive diagnosis sometimes requires laparoscopy.

Risks to Know

If laparoscopy is being considered for diagnosis or treatment, ask your doctor about the risks and details of the procedure before deciding.

When to See a Doctor

If you have unusually severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, or difficulty conceiving, consult a doctor for appropriate evaluation and diagnosis.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does endometriosis mean I cannot have children at all?

Not in every case. Severity and impact vary by individual, and many people with this condition can still conceive with appropriate care.

Is laparoscopy always needed to diagnose it?

Not always — the doctor will consider the need based on symptoms and other test results for each individual.

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Author: Dr. Kingkaew Mingsuttiporn
DoctorNoo
Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Reproductive Medicine

Medical Reviewer: Dr. Kingkaew Mingsuttiporn

Published: August 2, 2026

Last Medically Reviewed: August 2, 2026

Last Updated: August 2, 2026

References

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) — Obstetric and gynecologic clinical guidelines and patient resources
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) — UK obstetric and gynecologic clinical guidelines
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) — European clinical guidelines on reproductive medicine

This article draws on general clinical guidance from recognized reproductive medicine and obstetrics/gynecology authorities, not a citation of any specific study.

This content is provided for general information only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or individual advice from your treating physician. If you have symptoms or health concerns, please seek medical evaluation.